Does the constitution of the united states prevent effective Essay

Does the constitution of the US forestall powerful government - Essay Example Carl Friedrich (1965) also characterized constitution as an arrangement of proficient, regularized limitations upon government exercises. Starting here of view, the key quality of a constitution is its announcement of individual rights, especially those held against the state. Certainly, a bill of rights at the current structure portions of practically completely composed constitutions, the principal Bill of Rights incorporated the ten alterations immediately affixed to the American Constitution in 1791, covering such freedoms as opportunity of religion, discourse, the press, and the privilege of the individuals to remain battle ready (Lloyd 2006). The second and to some degree disregarded job of constitutions is as force maps, characterizing the structure of government. Constitutions articulate the pathways of intensity, depicting the systems for settling on laws and arriving at choices. As Sartori (1994) carefully watches, the characterizing highlight of a constitution is this arrangement of an edge of government. A constitution without a revelation of rights is as yet a constitution, however a record coming up short on a force map isn't a constitution. A constitution is in this way a type of political building, to be passed judgment on like some other development by how well it endures the trial of time. From this point of view, the United States form, despite everything standing firm after over 200 years, is a triumph. Methodology for alteration are a significant segment of the protected design. Most constitutions are inflexible or as it were, settled in, therefore rendering them increasingly adequate to the different interests engaged with their development (Sartori 1994). An inflexible constitution offers the general advantage, much valued by dissidents, of consistency for those subject to it. A dug in constitution additionally restrains the harm should political adversaries acquire power, for except if they can clear the revision obstacle they too should maintain the qualities inserted in the settlement

The Kurds in Modern Iraq

The Kurds in Modern Iraq Presentation Kurds are individuals who started from Indian and European races. They dwell in the sloping districts of the fringes between Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. This district where the Kurds live is alluded to as Kurdistan. They have an alternate culture from their neighboring individuals in Iraq.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Kurds in Modern Iraq explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More They additionally have their very own alternate language. Their language is very identified with Persia, despite the fact that it contrasts by somewhere in the range of two vernaculars. Their primary religion is Sunni Muslim in spite of the fact that they suit some Christian, Jewish, and Yazidis strict gatherings among them. Their complete populace by the 1987 statistics was 19.7 million individuals in the Kurdistan area. Their populace in the whole world numbers at 25-35 million individuals, in spite of the fact that their assessed populace typically s hifts. They are spread out particularly in Russia and Europe. Kurdis strategies of patriotism have kept on stressing Turkey, Iraq, Syria, and Iran. During Saddam Hussein’s system, the Kurds endured monstrosities under this organization. Their autonomy was limited particularly during the Gulf war of 1991. Their great connection with Iraq became flawed when Saddam Hussein was toppled in the year 2003. They have since been causing a few endeavors to self to administer themselves. Presently, they host around eight political gatherings that are effectively associated with every single policy centered issue. These ideological groups are the significant machines they use to drive them to their countries. Right now, the Kurds are controlled by one government called the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG). This administration started to reign in 1991 is as yet operational to date. Their example of overcoming adversity made a significant jump forward by the demise of previous Iraqi des pot, Saddam Hussein. From that point forward, the United States has been helping the Kurds in reproduction and guaranteeing their security is ensured. It is additionally implied that should the security of Kurds be compromised by gore and obliteration from Iraq, the United States will design up in help for an autonomous Kurdish state. Ongoing History of Kurds The Kurds are once in a while alluded to as a people without a country since they are unarguably the biggest ethnic gathering without their very own nation. From the time the cutting edge territory of Iraq was made, the Kurd’s history has been described with examples of underdevelopment, political disturbance and social suppression, devastation, progressive rebellions and ethnic purifying. Destruction has additionally described the Kurd’s society.Advertising Looking for examine paper on eastern europe? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Iraq has been occupie d with significant battles to annihilate the Kurd’s synergetic methodology towards picking up freedom. Numerous individuals have been slaughtered and scores harmed when Saddam’s organization ear denoted the Kurdish society for pulverization. The fundamental point of these assaults was to defeat any endeavors by the Kurds to emerge against the national government. In this manner, obstruction developments were countered with thorough military tasks by the Iraqi government. In post-Saddam Iraq, numerous political and ethnic issues have emerged corresponding to Kurd’s digestion into the Iraqi state. Numerous sentiments have been given concerning how this issue ought to be managed. A few people have been supporting the development of five-state Iraq with the locale involved by the Kurd’s framing one of the states. Another choice incorporates the northern self administering segment composed not on ethnic premise however on local premise. It is very imperative t o take note of that a portion of the neighboring nations have not been on the side of an autonomous Kurd state. Turkey for instance has been unequivocally restricting this battle for freedom[1]. The cutting edge history of the Kurdish individuals is in this manner inspected in two stages. The first is the periods of the battle between the Kurdish masses and the administrations, which they are subject for control. The second includes the battle of the Kurds to turn into a sound community[2]. The Kurds during Saddam’s Reign The contemporary Kurd’s history during Saddam Hussein’s rule can just talk about the occasions that occurred during Saddam Hussein’s a years ago of fascism. These are the years 2000 up to 2003 in Iraqi’s history. Saddam’s rule was portrayed by Kurd’s restraint. There were mystery police torments, murders, constrained vanishing and the utilization of concoction weapons. Deaths were additionally normal during this peri od. Saddam’s techniques for disposing of Kurd’s opposition included gassing. Up to the time of his demise, there were as yet numerous across the board detainments. Political cooperation was just permitted to those lawmakers who had a place with the Baath Party. Unfortunately this ideological group comprised of just 8% of the absolute populace of Iraq. Hussein’s organization had likewise made various torment places where residents considered impervious to the national government use to be tormented. The Kurds in Post-Saddam Iraq The Kurds have been the most professional US bunch in Iraq since days of yore. They invited the U.S intrusion of Iraq from that point helping out the U.S political and military authorities. Consequently to this, the Kurds have been anticipating that the U.S should bolster them in their battle for self governance.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Kurds in Modern Iraq explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is the explanation regarding why they don't need the United States to leave Iraq without legitimate game plan so the United States doesn't forsake Iraq and the Kurds[3]. Turkey wouldn't bolster the U.S attack from the earliest starting point. In any case, the nation has communicated her help in the withdrawal venture that will end in the year 2011. Since the attack of the U.S drove troops to Iraq, the Kurds went into dynamic post-Saddam national governmental issues on equivalent balance with Iraq’s Arabs. They did this by taking an interest in a U.S-drove occupation organization. This legislature worked under a ‘Transition Administrative Law’. The constitution additionally protected the Kurds’ self-overseeing ‘Kurdistan (Religion) Government’ and its incomparability to alter the utilization of a few (national) laws. Another arrangement of this constitution allowed the Kurds to keep on handling their volunteer army numbering ne ar one hundred thousand. The Kurds proceeded with their help of the constitution (in the year 2005) for the explanation that this sanction appeared to satisfy their groundbreaking requests. The support of this constitution by the Kurds was additionally on the grounds that it likewise remembered the Kurd’s request for federalism. This took into consideration the proper making of districts that had their own territorial governments. The constitution perceived the nearness of three Kurdish districts which are Dohuk, Irbil, and Sulaymaniyah as legitimate locales. This constitution seems to have invigorated the Kurds more corresponding to governmental issues. Numerous contentions emerged concerning the political statement of the Kurds and the arrangement of administration by the focal government. Therefore, Iraqi minority gatherings would later dissent at this inordinate declaration of requests by the Kurds contending that it compromised Iraqi’s uprightness. Then again, the Kurd’s accepted that the focal government’s arrangement of initiative isn't satisfying its vows to assemble a different multi ethnic democracy[4]. Political Orientation of the Kurds A short history of the Kurdish ideological groups shows that the standard Shiite Islamic gatherings are the fundamental gatherings that brag a gigantic enrollment of the Kurds. The fundamental explanation with respect to why Kurds host been politically situated in these gatherings is on the grounds that they were by all accounts respecting their requests. Be that as it may, in the year 2008, the Kurds started to break with Da’wa party headed by Maliki. This was on the grounds that he neglected to acquiesce to their primary requests. The principle requests that were not reviewed were issues concerning psychological oppressor exercises in the northern pieces of Iraq[5].Advertising Searching for look into paper on eastern europe? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Maliki balance by criticizing the Kurds that they were attempting to rehearse issues that were unconstitutional[6] outside their defensive cutoff points and setting up Kurds emissary workplaces in outsider countries. Thus, the Kurds agent and the Iraqi executive remained for over a year prior to meeting in 2009. From that point forward, it has been accounted for by onlookers that the primary Kurdish groups are done ruler producers in focal government legislative issues. This was clear when the quantity of seats held by the two primary groups was decreased from 53 to 43, between the year 2006 and 2010. Right now, there has been a great deal of political squabbling inside the Kurdish groups. This is the reason as of recently; there has been no official branch that hosts been picked among the principle gatherings seven months after the races. The impact of this relationship is that it has diminished the stray for self administration by the Kurds. Therefore, Kurdish freedom isn't a funct ioning wellspring of erosion between the two groups. In any case, the issue despite everything stays to be of topical worry to Iraqi’s neighbors that have Kurds minorities. The Betrayal of the Kurds There have been numerous occasions by both the neighborhood administration of Iraq and remote governments have done that have been taken as demonstrations of selling out of the Kurds. The Kurds have been considered as a powerless ethnic gathering existing in numerous nations neighboring Iraq and past. The U.S has been associated with significant activities planned for ensuring security to this

Khan Academy in your pocket new apps available for iPhone and now Android!

Khan Academy in your pocket â€" new apps available for iPhone and now Android! Download for  Android â€" Google PlayDownload for  iPhone â€" App Store“A free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.” This mission inspires us day in, day out, and we’ve seen over 30M students sign up on Khan Academy to learn almost anything for free. We know you love using Khan Academy more and more on your phones: in fact, over 30% of our sessions are now on mobile devices. We believe strongly that unlocking the potential for anyone, anywhere to learn on 2B+ smartphones worldwide is just getting started. Today, we’re excited to announce a couple steps toward a better Khan Academy in your pocket!Khan Academy on Android and iPhonesToday Khan Academy is releasing our first  Android app  along with a redesigned iPhone app!We built these apps to make on-the-go learning faster and easier:- You can learn anything â€" for free: Over 10,000 videos and explanations at your fingertips in math, science, economics, history, and much, much more- Quickly find what you need: Redesig ned navigation and search make it faster to find what you want  - Keep learning even when you’re offline: Bookmark your favorite content to “Your List” for easy access, and download it to keep learning even when you’re not connected to the internet. - Pick up where you left off: Your learning syncs between your Android/iPhone and khanacademy.org, so your progress is always up-to-dateDownload them today:Android â€" Google PlayiPhone â€" App StoreAnd stay tuned in our Android beta community and our blog to be the first to know when exercises and other new features are on the way!Khan Academy in 5 languages on iPad and iPhoneExpanding to mobile platforms is just part of our mission to bring high-quality content to learners around the globe. Today we’re excited to announce that our iPad app and new iPhone app are now available in Spanish, Brazilian Portuguese, French, Norwegian, and Turkish. Catch all the details on our international blog.

Australias legal system - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2774 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Research paper Tags: Australia Essay Did you like this example? Business Law Assignment 1. Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s legal system is based on the English legal system.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  To what extend is this statement correct? Discuss. It is widely known that Australia continent has been settled by Great Britain from the late 18th century. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Australias legal system" essay for you Create order However, the English legislation system is the foundation of Australia law that is still needed to be discussed before reaching any conclusions. Following are the related factors which clarify this issue. Firstly, it is necessary to take a look back to the Australia historical background to understand its law development procedure through the time. According to Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s history the first inhabitants may have been ancestors of modern Indigenous Australians. After this, to the year of 1770, James Cook captain found and gradually formed Australia. As a rule of life, there are people, there are regulations. At the period of beginning, it is easy to comprehend that Britain would apply their law to Australia which is considered as settled colony of England if there was some judgement events happened. This aspect is clearly revealed via the case of Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) 175 CLR 1; 107 ALR 1. In this situation, Eddie Mabo and others argued that they had the r ight to possess the land in the islands as the way of customary title since the time immemorial. However, the decision of this case basing on the English law was that the even though Australia legal system recognised the native title which had not been accepted before, modern Australia was still much more practically tremendous[1]. Through this case we can see that the official introduction of English law to Australia and the progression in its law by this time. In addition to this, this is supported by Blackstone, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“English law would become the law of a country outside England either upon first settlement by English colonists of a conquered or ceded country.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Therefore, the English law would be the good indicator for Britain to execute in their situations in this infant colony at that time. Time by time, English law has been well established and settled in deciding legislation of this territory. Secondly, examining of the development of law in Austral ia also helps to track back its origin. On the date of their own original settlement, in each state of Australia the English law was applied as the foundation law as a settled colonies or infant colonies. Nevertheless, the time after first settlement it was blurry that should New South Wales have been treated as the settled colony because in early time this state had Governor already exercised its power over the inhabitants. Therefore, it caused the argument on this issue. Finally in 1823, the New South Wales Act was passed by the United Kingdom Government. This Act enables the New South Walesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Government fully right to pass the laws provided that it was not against with Britain legal system. Then it was witnessed the first Australian Courts Act in 1828 and its application on New South Wales and Van Diemenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Land[2]. All the cases laws was assured to reflect the English case law but this did not mean that all English statue passed after this date a utomatically considering as Australian law, except for it deliberately expressed to do so. Anyways, it still reflects that Australian law has been gradually developed from the English legal system. Finally, seeking how the independent Australian Act and the Constitution have formed clearly clarifies the aspect of the Australian legislation is heritage from the English law. To the year of 1986 United Kingdom Parliament officially passed the Australian Act as per required by Commonwealth and state parliament. From this Act, United Kingdom parliament no longer has power on Commonwealth and Commonwealth of Australia is seen as a sovereign, independent and federal nation[3]. This confirms that Australian law system is separated from the English law. However, again it can clearly see that this Act just effects till the acceptance of the UK Parliament. All above factors are sufficient enough to prove the legal institutions and traditions of Australian law are mono-cultural in charact er, reflecting its English origins. Discuss the importance of the case of Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd (1947) KB 130. The case of Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd is a case of seal lease contract made on September 24, 1937. In this case, Central London Property Trust Ltd (CLP) was the plaintiffs and the defendants was High Trees House Ltd. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a subsidiary of the CLP, a tenancy of a block of flats with the lease term of 99 years from the time of 29th September, 1937. Two sides agreed the ground rent of 2,500l. per annum. The block of flat was under new condition but it could not be fully occupied since the beginning of the war, people moved away from London because of booming. Under this special situation, it is obviously that the lease could not be paid enough to gain the profit. Therefore, the directors of two companies decided to make a writing arrangement under the war condition prevailing. On January 3, 1940, the plaintiffs wrote to the defendants to confirm the ground rent should be reduced as from the commencement of the lease to 1,250l./annual, and on April 2, 1940, a confirmatory resolution was officially effected. From the time of adjusted arrangement, the defendants started paying the half reduced rent to the beginning of 1945 when the block were fully rent and thereafter. On the other side, in September 1945, the plaintiff found out the rent should have been back its fully normal amount of 2500l. Therefore, he requested the defendants to pay the full rate as first agreement. And the amount of 625l., being the amount represented by the difference between rent at the rate of 2,500l. and 1,250l. per annum for the quarters ending September 29, and December 25, 1945 was required to recover by the defendants. In response of the defendant side, they pleaded that the letter of January 3rd 1940 clearly constituted that the rent should be 1250l. and this meant to the whole lease term. On the other side, the contract was under seal. Therefore, it could not be changed by a parol agreement or an agreement in writing not under seal. But the court of equity allows the variation by a simple contract of a contract under seal by preventing the party who has agreed from suing under the deed (Berry v. Berry [FN5], Swift said) And the defendants rely on the doctrine of estoppel, as Denning Jheld estoppel to be, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a promise was made which was intended to create legal relations and which, to the knowledge of the person making the promise, was going to be acted on by the person to whom it was made and which was in fact so acted onà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . In fact, the reduced rent was enable the defendants run their business, the defendants relied on the promise. The plaintiffs were made a gratuitous promise. As the result, the plaintiffs were estopped from claiming any rent beyond 1,260l. per annum for the whole period of the lease. Nevertheless, the plaintiffs required for the full amount from the time the full rent is payable, not suing for the full rent back dated to 1940. The case should be applied properly. And the Promissory Estoppel is known as the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“doctrine of fairnessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . It was given judgment for the plaintiff company for the amount claimed.[4] The case of Central London Property Trust Ltd v High Trees House Ltd (1947) KB 130 plays a paramount role in creating the doctrine ofpromissory estoppel. In theHigh Treescase Lord Denning commented,that such an agreement should now be enforceable under the doctrine of promissory estoppel. Promissory estoppel differs from common law because it has less strict requirements and it may arise from promise of future conduct or intention. It can be used both in as a shield to retrieve past damage or as a sword for future damage. Promissory Estoppel is an extension doctrine to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"stopà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ person from retrieving his right that he already promise to waive or let go, or a failure to make a true representation or failure to tell the other party when the changes happen that influence his ability to fulfill his promise fully or partially. Promissory Estoppel is known as a doctrine concerned with equity which has help for the missed factors in contract law. It is used as an extension of conventional contract law where consideration is a prominent and to assure justice for the weaker party from the exploitation of the stronger part by the limitation of law or by using loop holes in law. The case of High Trees opens a new road to the rule in Pinnels casethat à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Payment of a lesser sum on the due day for payment is no satisfaction of the whole obligation.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Despite it is not sure all House of Lordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ decisions would have the same decision as this case, but definitely Denning blew the new wind into law of England and Wales. By changing the way estoppels is viewed by English law, Lord Denning reaffirmed doctrine of Promissory Estoppel. The High Tress case acted as a vessel in which the doctrine of promissory estoppel was reinstated, in the English and Australian legal systems. 3. Issue Are the Club and Peter liable to John in negligence? Relevant Law/Rules As the Civil Liability Act 2003 (Qld), section 9, 10, 13 and 18 reflect the relevant principles regrading to duty of care. In particular, Section 9 clearly states the general principles concerning to this issue. They consist of the statue that a person does not breach a duty to take precautions against a risk or harm that they should have them in mind if the risk was not foreseeable and significant; in the circumstances, reasonable person in the position of the person would not have taken the same standard of care that a reasonable person would have exercised. Then how to identify whether a reasonable in the position of the person would have taken precautions, the following factors should be examined: the probability that harm would occur if cares were not taken; the likely seriousness of the harm; the burden of taking precautions and the social utility of the activities that causes harm. T hese principles have been originated from the Common Law. It can be taken the modern doctrine in the Lord Atkin in Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) as a relevant case. This case developed determination of a duty of care. In that case, a duty of care could exist in any situation as long as loss, damage or injury to one party was reasonably foreseeable and the relationship between those parties sufficiently close or other specifically defined to establish requisite one to take care not to put the other at risk[5]. And other cases such as Polland v Trude (2009) 2 Qd R 248 is clearly relevant in determining if the required standard of care has been met or the duty of care has been breached. Other principle in Section 10 states a proceeding relating to liability for breach of duty: the burden of taking precautions to avoid a risk of harm includes the burden of taking precautions to avoid similar risks of harm; the fact that a risk of harm could have been avoided by doing something in a dif ferent way to avoid the risk does not mean that entity is necessarily liable; and the subsequent action after harm has been suffered does not necessarily mean that the entity will be liable just because they did not take that precautions before the harm was suffered. An obvious risk is identified as sector 13 as following : an obvious risk to a person who suffers harm is a risk that, in the circumstances, would have been obvious to a reasonable person in the position of that person; obvious risks include risks that are patent or a matter of common knowledge; a risk of something occurring can be an obvious risk even though it has a low probability of occurring; a risk can be an obvious risk even if the risk (or a condition or circumstance that gives rise to the risk) is not prominent, conspicuous or physically observable; to remove any doubt, it is declared that a risk from a thing, including a living thing, is not an obvious risk if the risk is created because of a failure on the part of a person to properly operate, maintain, replace, prepare or care for the thing, unless the failure itself is an obvious risk. Section 18 states that dangerous recreational activity means an activity engaged in for enjoyment, relaxation or leisure that involves a significant degree of risk of physical harm to a person. Application First of all, it is reasonably foreseeable and significant that the Club did not take precaution against a risk or harm like stopping golf ball from landing on the side of the fairway which led to the harm to John. As a reasonable action, the Club should have put the protective net to avoid the ball possibly hit to the customer waiting in the tree line to the side of the fairway while the other are playing. The possibility of ball striking to the person to the side of the fairway is obvious. The Club has the duty to take care not to put their customers at risk. This principle was derived from the case Donoghue v Stevensonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s neighbor test. However, should the Club build a netting fence to possibly eliminate the hazard as a reasonable person would have taken precautions. The duty of changing the rules or using different kind of protective structure may reduce the possibility of players being injured. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to see that the burden of taking these precautions is quite big, especially the large space like in the golf field. It is burdensome for the Club to build up a protective system around the tree line to the side of the fairway. Would a reasonable person have taken the precautions? A golf club is considered as a high social utility which provide enjoyment, relaxation or leisure for society. However, the seriousness if someone gets struck is quite considerable. Nonetheless, although there was a risk that the balls would be hit out of the playing ground, but the possibility of risk occurring is so minimal. It is probably possible to adopt preventative measures that will avo id any but the most outrageously unexpected injuries occurring to any person, the law does not demand that level of precautions. In any circumstances, a reasonable would not think it is necessary to take the precautions. Besides, according to section 10, the burden of taking similar precautions like establishment of preventative measures is quite impossible and taking those precautions is not necessary. If the club took any precautions after John was hit to stop other from being hit would not necessarily mean that they will be liable. The risk of harm here was the risk that one player could be struck and injured by a ball hit by another player. In terms of section 13 that was an obvious risk. And as section 18 states that a significant degree of risk of physical harm to a person as a dangerous recreational activity should be involved. Therefore, John should aware of it and have to undertaken it voluntarily. On the other side, according to section 13, it is not an obvious ri sk if the risk is created because of a failure on the part of a person to properly operate, maintain, replace, prepare or care for the thing, unless the failure itself is an obvious risk. Therefore, Peterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mis-hit his ball which flew to John and caused Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s injuries is considered is not a significant risk. Peter would not take a duty of care in this case when it was not reasonable to foresee this risk. A reasonable in the position of the person would have taken precautions as Peter just could called out à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ watch out Johnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  as standard of care that a reasonable person would have exercised. Conclusion The Club and Peter were not liable in negligence in causing the risk of harm of player in the tree line to the side of the fairway being hit by a golf ball. Student Name: TRANG Thi Xuan Mai Student ID: 12878519 Page 1 [1] LexisNexis Butterworths. (2011). Understanding Business Law. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Introduction of English law to Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Page 6-7 [2] LexisNexis Butterworths. (2011). Understanding Business Law. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Development of law in Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Page 12-13 [3] LexisNexis Butterworths. (2011). Understanding Business Law. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Constitutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Page 13 [4] Incorporated Council of Law Reporting For England Wales (1947) K.B. 130. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Central London Property Trust Limited v. High Trees House Limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Visited on 12.01 from https://www.thomsonreuters.com.au/product/AU/files/720502512/contract_p2_central_v_high.pdf [5] LexisNexis Butterworths. (2011). Understanding Business Law. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ The duty of careà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Page 740

Mitigating Detention With Meditation Essay - 1079 Words

Mitigating Detention with Meditation In a world full of contrast, nothing lies at more polar ends than detention and meditation. On one hand, students are forced to sit in uncomfortable desks and stare at the wall, while the other implements the use of plush floor pillows and calming essential oils. Fortunately, for the students of Robert W. Coleman Elementary School, staff have implemented a â€Å"Mindful Moment Room,† where misbehaving youth are sent to evaluate their improper actions. Here, they are able to breathe in the relaxing scent of lavender, stretch to relieve tension, lounge on yoga mats, and utilize deep breathing in order to calm down. Despite the room only having been in effect for a few years, the school has already noticed a†¦show more content†¦Their body’s alarm system is switched way on, so they may be primed for fight or flight and not able to sit calmly† (Bloom). For these kids, meditation becomes an outlet to relieve their pent-up emotions, and let their guards down fo r several moments. The room becomes a safe haven for them, which is why meditation should be more common in classrooms across the world, for students of all ages. Another benefit of meditation is that it can increase students’ discipline, which in turn, decreases the school’s total number of suspensions. Deborah Bloom from CNN reports that â€Å"Thompson says she’s had zero suspensions since the room’s creation. The year before that, there were four suspensions† (Bloom). This is an impressive drop in numbers, convincing many to believe that meditation has a rightful spot at school. Its positive thinking and deep breathing methods allow for students to assume better control over their tempers, and suppress any desire to act out of order. Additionally, Mandy Oaklander from TIME further supports this claim by saying, â€Å"Three years after a Transcendental Meditation program was implemented at a troubled middle school, suspension rates dropped from 28% to 4% and teacher turnover plummeted† (Oaklander). These numbers show that meditation is truly more impactful than detention, and should be implementedSho w MoreRelatedDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesself-understanding—is essential to one’s productive personal and interpersonal functioning, and in understanding and empathizing with other people. A host of techniques and methods for achieving self-knowledge have long been available— including group methods, meditation techniques, altered consciousness procedures, aromatherapy, assorted massages, physical exercise regimens, and biofeedback. It is estimated that Americans alone spend between $30 billion and $50 billion on such therapies. In this chapter we do not

Emirates Airline Free Essays

The Emirates Group is composed of airport services provider DNATA (the Dubai National Air Transport Association) and Emirates Airlines. Owned by the government of Dubai and based at the busiest airport in the Middle East, Emirates has flourished under the sheikdom’s ‘wide open skies’ policy, in spite of the restrictions placed on it by other countries. The airline, renowned for its luxurious in-flight service, was unique among long-haul airlines in that it had not joined a global alliance such as the Star Alliance or oneworld by the beginning of the new millennium. We will write a custom essay sample on Emirates Airline or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Maktoum family led the tribe throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.Dubai became one of seven sheikdoms in the United Arab Emirates, which was formed in 1970. Gulf Air began to cut back its service to Dubai in the mid-1980s. As a result, Emirates Airlines was conceived in March 1985 with backing from Dubai’s royal family, whose Dubai Air Wing provided two of the airline’s first aircraft, used Boeing 727s. (An Airbus A300 and Boeing 737 were two others. ) Because of Dubai’s unique political structure, wrote Douglas Nelms in Air Transport World, Emirates could be described as both government-owned and privately held, though most considered it state-owned.Maurice Flanagan was named managing director of the new airline. Formerly of the Royal Air Force, British Airways, and Gulf Air, Flanagan had been seconded to DNATA in 1978 on a two-year assignment as assistant general sales manager. Chairman was Sheikh Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum, nephew of the ruler of Dubai. Only 27 years old in 1985, he had graduated from the University of Colorado just four years earlier (his degree was in political science and economics). Sheik Ahmed also became chairman of Dubai Civil Aviation and DNATA itself.Although he lacked any direct experience in the airline industry, Sheikh Ahmed embraced his new role, learning to fly a variety of aircraft along the way. As Lisa Coleman duly noted in Chief Executive, he was indeed experienced in one area that would be the new airline’s defining trait: luxury. The first flight, Dubai-Karachi on October 25, 1985, was a Pakistani connection in more ways than one. The airline leased the aircraft, an Airbus 300, from Pakistan International Airlines. Bombay and Delhi were the other two earliest destinations.From the beginning, Emirates flights carried both passengers and cargo. Emirates was profitable within nine months. During its first year, it carried 260,000 passengers and 10,000 tons of freight. The next year, Gulf Air posted a loss. In its second year, Emirates also posted a loss, before setting out on decades of profitable growth. One reason for the success of Emirates was its aggressive marketing. Another was the high level of in-flight service in its new Airbus aircraft, which it outfitted with generously spaced seating.Our Vision ; Values The principles which propel us forward A strong and stable leadership team, ambitious yet calculated decision-making and ground-breaking ideas all contribute to the creation of great companies. Of course, these have played a major part in our development, but we believe our business ethics are the foundation on which our success has been built. Caring for our employees and stakeholders, as well as the environment and the communities we serve, have played a huge part in our past and will continue to signify our future.Our culture of respect At the Emirates Group, we place great value on corporate citizenship and social responsibility and believe our business ethics are integral to our continued success. Each member of staff’s commitment towards ongoing improvement c ombines to maintain the competitive edge of our operation in global markets. We firmly believe our employees are our greatest asset and their contribution to the staggering pace at which we have developed can not be underestimated.Without them it would not have been possible and we acknowledge this with a range of excellent benefits, including a generous profit share scheme, and programmes designed to help them fulfill their career goals. These principles enable us to attract employees of the highest calibre and have helped us become the largest employer in the UAE. We now have a team of more 40,000 loyal workers, many living far away from their own families, and we are committed to caring for them within ours.This dedication to the welfare of our employees does not distract from the fundamental economic role of our business – to reward stakeholders. While rivals have faltered under the strain of fluctuating fuel prices and the intense level of competition synonymous with our industry, we have posted profits in all but one year of our history. While w e are focused on maximising profit margins, as a leader in aviation innovation, we are devoted to growing our business while using fewer resources and creating less waste and pollution. The billions of dollars we have invested in purchasing the most advanced aircraft in production mean we operate one of the youngest and most eco-efficient fleets in the world. Our commitment to the environment extends to our interests on the ground. We take great pride in our involvement with the Dubai Desert Conservation Reserve, which is dedicated to preserving the natural and cultural heritage of area. The National Park, the largest protected area in the UAE and home to more than 30 species indigenous to the Arabian Peninsula, is considered the regional benchmark for sustainable development and conservation.Our green projects do not stop at home and plans are already well under way to create two of the world’s most eco-friendly conservation-based destinations – Wolgan Valley Resort ; Spa in Australia and Cap Ternay Resort ; Spa in the Seychelles. Company Overview The Emirates Group has spread its wings into every aspect of travel and tourism to become a leading globa l corporation in its field. With one of the youngest fleets in the sky and more than 400 awards for excellence worldwide, Emirates airline is one of two key divisions in the group. The other is Dnata, which provides ground handling services at numerous airports around the world, including Dubai International. It is also one of the largest providers of travel services in the Middle East and has been a household name in Dubai for more than 50 years. Propelled forward by their united strength, the two have evolved at a phenomenal rate to establish the Emirates Group as an immense organisation, spanning a portfolio of more than 50 brands and employing over 50,000 people. Growing from strength to strengthEmirates Group is always looking to expand its portfolio with strategic ventures that will enhance its commercial proposition, revenues and reputation. Among its many projects in development is a luxurious conservation resort in the Seychelles which will raise the benchmark in eco-tourism, as well as highlight Emirates’ commitment to protecting the environment for future generations. Cap Ternay Resort ; Spa Set on a spectacular tropical island in the Seychell es, the resort will give guests a traditional beach holiday combined with a taste of the lush forests, towering granite mountains and wildlife unique to this Indian Ocean sanctuary.The senior management team To build a travel and tourism empire at such staggering speed would not have been possible but for the collective talents of a group of men who have each proven to be leaders in their field of expertise. Almost all of the executives at the helm of the Emirates Group have been with the organisation since its birth and it is their pioneering vision – combined with meticulous planning and brave yet calculated decision making – which has given flight to the fastest growing airline in the world and the Middle East’s largest provider of airport and travel services.SWOT Analysis This part of the assignment will analyse the strategic position of Emirates Airline through the use of SWOT analysis. Based on the given case, the strategic position of the Emirates Airline specifically their airline and aviation position has been challenged because of the changing situations of the airline market. Rival industries of the company has been able to announced the establishment of their business approach in the global market which offers diversified airline industries to cater to the needs of the passengers, cargo and shipment services.The announcement of this company affects the s trategic position of the entire Emirates Airline. In order to make sure that the company will not be left behind, Emirates Airline has been able to involve themselves into the expansion to technological developments. Strengths. As a competitive and globally recognised airline industry, Emirates Airline has been able to have strategic position in the global market. In fact, when Emirates Airline streamlined their business, it already had the advantage of size. The Emirates Group – SWOT AnalysisDescription: The The Emirates Group – SWOT Analysis company profile is the essential source for top-level company data and information. The Emirates Group – SWOT Analysis examines the company’s key business structure and operations, history and products, and provides summary analysis of its key revenue lines and strategy. The Emirates Group is a conglomerate which operates through Emirates Airline, an international airline, and Dnata, a travel organization operating in the Middle East. The group is wholly owned by the United Arab Emirates (UAE) government. It provides scheduled passenger and cargo services to more than 100 destinations. The company has operations across Middle East, Europe and Americas, Far East and Australia, West Asia and Indian Ocean, and Africa. It is headquartered in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates and employs 28,037 people. The group recorded revenues of AED42,674. 3 million ($11,621. 5 million) during the financial year ended March 2009 (FY2009), an increase of 17. 1% over FY2008. The operating profit of the group was AED2,573. 3 million ($700. 8 million) in FY2009, a decrease of 42. 2% compared to FY2008. Its net profit was AED981. 7 million ($267. 3 million) in FY2009, a decrease of 80. 4% compared to FY2008.Scope of the Report – Provides all the crucial information on The Emirates Group required for business and competitor intelligence needs – Contains a study of the major internal and external factors affecting The Emirates Group in the form of a SWOT analysis as well as a breakdown and examination of leading product revenue streams of The Emirates Group -Data is supplemented with details on The Emirates Group history, key executives, business description, locations and subsidiaries as well as a list of products and services and the latest available statement from The Emirates Group Reasons to Purchase Support sales†¦ How to cite Emirates Airline, Papers

Smoking Essays (1096 words) - Smoking, Tobacco Smoking,

Smoking Smoking 1 The Effects of a Mindfulness Manipulation on Adolescent Smoking Evidence suggests that smoking cigarettes increases the likelihood of suffering from heart disease, emphysema, lung cancer, high blood pressure, and premature aging. The smoker is also at risk of many short-term health consequences such as chronic cough, yellow teeth, and unpleasant breath. Smoking is an expensive habit that can cost up to 1500 dollars per year if the individual smokes a pack per day. Tobacco industries direct 90% of recommendation their cigarette advertisements toward today's youth, hoping to hook another young adolescent into their money making scheme. Onset of smoking in children occurs at an early age due to a number of factors that include pro-social smoking advertisements, peer, and even antismoking campaigns such as DARE. Primary prevention techniques that attempt to stop the behavior before it starts are effective because children are still young enough to be molded and influenced accordingly by the proper role-models (i.e. peers and parents). Preventative measures, such as informational campaigns are ineffective because they are unrealistic and fail to emphasize on the here and now. These measures focus on the future health risks that may occur 20 or 30 years down the line, which is much to long for a twelve-year-old to concern himself about. Adolescents also believe that they are invincible and therefore not subject to the health risks of all other smokers. For a young adolescent, life is still novel and carefree. The health risks of smoking are not part of a twelve-year-olds mindset-at least not until he or she is grandpa's age. DARE programs are also ineffective because they simply restate health risks that adolescents are already aware or that do not mean anything to them. DARE also suggests that smoking is Smoking 2 a common habit difficult to resist when tempted. Fear manipulations lack preventative power because many of the health risks of smoking are long term-thus for a young teenager-what out of sight is out of mind. Fear manipulations are unrealistic simply because of the waiting period before the onset of disease. Norms also place a heavy influence on adolescent smoking. Early teens spend most of their time with peers, rather than parents. Mom and Dad play more of a secondary role during the teen years. It makes sense that young teens are easily persuaded by their peer group simply because the greater part of the day is spent interacting with them. Parents do not become the active roll model until dinner time for a few hours until lights out. Research by Cialdini suggests that programs that inadvertently portray smoking as common are providing a pro-smoking descriptive norm. Descriptive norms are those norms that most people engage in; whereas injunctive norms are those behaviors that people say are right or wrong. If a youngster believes that smoking is common and normal, he or she may say If everyone else does it, so will I. The question to be address is what can be done to motivate healthy behavior. Hypocrisy manipulations have been used in the past to decrease the frequency of unwanted behaviors. Hypocrisy manipulations promote behavior change because they motivate a person to think about their inconsistencies. Our goal of this study is to modify the hypocrisy manipulation to incorporate the power of injunctive norms against smoking. By doing this we hope to reduce adolescents' perception of the prevalence of smoking. In that perceptions of prevalence play such an important role in the decision to smoke, a focus on injunctive norms against smoking Smoking 3 should be influential in later decisions to smoke. We plan to use a hypocrisy manipulation but modify it by providing the adolescent participants with specific guidelines for their videotaped messages. Method Participants Participants were 186 eighth grade students from nine different health classes at Stafford Middle School. All students were required to obtain a signed parental consent form (see appendix A) in order participate in our study. As an incentive for maximum participation, each health class was informed that if 95% of the consent form were returned, the students would be entitle to a free pizza party. Ninety-two boys and 63 girls completed and returned their consent forms giving a total of 155 participants. Procedure During each health class,